Quick Take
- Best for: US owners seeking territorial taxation, privacy, and global operations.
- Popular entities: Sociedad Anónima (S.A.), Sociedad de Responsabilidad Limitada (SRL), and Private Interest Foundations (PIF) for asset-holding.
- Timeline: 3–10 business days for incorporation; banking KYC may add 1–3 weeks.
- Ongoing costs: Annual government Tasa Única, resident agent, and basic compliance.
- US angle: Panama uses territorial tax; US persons remain subject to US tax/reporting.
Intro
Panama has become a leading hub for international company formation, thanks to its territorial tax system, efficient corporate laws, strategic location, and mature banking sector. This guide explains—in plain English—how US investors can incorporate in Panama, open bank accounts, understand taxes and compliance, and choose the right structure for cross-border business or asset protection.
Why Panama for US Investors
- Territorial taxation: Foreign-source income is generally not taxed in Panama.
- Efficient incorporation: Streamlined corporate law, fast processing, English-friendly service.
- Strategic location: Global logistics hub with robust professional and banking services.
- Asset protection: Mature jurisprudence for corporations and foundations.
- Operational privacy: Reasonable confidentiality balanced with modern KYC/AML standards.
Entity Types: S.A., SRL & Foundations
S.A. Sociedad Anónima
Panama’s classic corporation. Flexible share structure, directors (typically 3), and broad corporate purpose. Ideal for trading, services, holding companies.
SRL Sociedad de Responsabilidad Limitada
Limited liability company analog. Member-managed, quotas instead of shares, typically fewer disclosure formalities. Attractive for closely held operations.
PIF Private Interest Foundation
Not a company, but a civil-law vehicle used for asset holding, succession planning, and ring-fencing. Often paired with an S.A./SRL.
Tip: For operating businesses, start with an S.A. or SRL. Use a Foundation for asset protection or inheritance planning.
Minimum Requirements & Documents
- Owners Individual or corporate shareholders/members (US or foreign).
- Directors/Managers S.A. typically 3 directors; SRL has managers/representatives.
- Registered Office Mandatory local attorney/resident agent in Panama.
- KYC/AML Passports, proof of address, professional/bank reference (case-dependent).
- Name & Purpose Due diligence on name availability and activity scope.
Step-by-Step: Incorporation Process
- Structuring: Choose S.A., SRL, or Foundation and define share/quotas and roles.
- Documents: Provide KYC (passport, proof of address, references where applicable).
- Drafting: Articles of incorporation / foundation charter prepared by counsel.
- Filing: Registration with the Public Registry; obtain corporate ID.
- Post-incorporation: Corporate book kit, resolutions, and—if needed—licenses.
- Banking onboarding: Prepare enhanced KYC/business profile and open accounts.
Banking & KYC in Panama
Panama banks apply rigorous KYC/AML. Expect to show:
- Passport(s) and proof of address for UBOs, directors, and signatories.
- Company documents, ownership chart, and source of funds/wealth.
- Business plan or activity description (invoices, contracts, website helpful).
Timeline: 1–3 weeks on average, depending on profile and bank workload. Remote onboarding may be possible case-by-case.
Taxes: Panama vs US Considerations
- Panama: Territorial system—foreign-source income generally outside scope. Local source income taxable.
- US Persons: US tax/reporting still applies (e.g., CFC/GILTI, Subpart F, PFIC, FBAR/FATCA as applicable). Coordinate with US CPA.
- Withholding & Treaties: Panama has treaties; analyze per transaction flow and counterparties.
This is general information, not tax or legal advice. Always obtain Panama and US tax counsel before acting.
Costs & Timelines
- Incorporation Typically 3–10 business days after KYC approval.
- Gov. fees Registration and annual Tasa Única.
- Professional Varies by entity type, banking assistance, and urgency.
Ongoing Compliance
- Resident Agent & Registered Office: Maintain continuously.
- Annual fees: Pay Tasa Única and agent fees.
- Books & Resolutions: Keep corporate records up to date.
- Economic substance: Assess per activity; align contracts, invoicing, and management where relevant.
- Licenses: Obtain sector-specific licenses if operating locally.
Common Use-Cases & Structures
Global services company
S.A. or SRL billing non-Panama clients (foreign-source income).
Holding company
S.A. holding shares in foreign subsidiaries or IP.
Asset protection
Foundation owning investment accounts or real estate SPVs.
Trading hub
S.A. coordinating suppliers and customers internationally.
We’ll map your ideal structure, timeline, banking strategy, and US coordination.
FAQs
How long does incorporation take?
Typically 3–10 business days after KYC approval. Banking may add 1–3 weeks.
Can US citizens legally own Panama companies?
Yes. Panama allows foreign owners. US persons must still comply with US tax/reporting.
What is the difference between an S.A. and an SRL?
S.A. is a corporation with shares and board of directors; SRL uses quotas and is often more closely held. Choice depends on governance, investor profile, and banking preferences.
Do I need to visit Panama?
Often not for incorporation; banking may require in-person identity verification depending on the bank and profile.
What are typical ongoing fees?
Annual Tasa Única, resident agent, and corporate maintenance. Amounts vary by structure and services included.