Category: General

Government of Costa Rica: Freedom, Democracy & Stability

Nov 25, 2025 | General, Immigration Law

Government of Costa Rica: Freedom, Democracy & Stability Explained

By AG Legal · Updated Nov 2025

Quick Take:

  • The Government of Costa Rica is a constitutional democratic republic with no army since 1948.
  • Costa Rica is globally known for its political stability, human rights, environmental protection and rule of law.
  • The country offers a unique blend of freedom, safety and quality of life, making it highly attractive for expats, investors and retirees.

🕊️

No Army Since 1948

Abolished the military and redirected resources to education, healthcare and social programs.

⚖️

Rule of Law & Stability

Strong independent institutions, predictable laws and peaceful alternation of power.

🌿

Green & Human-Centered

Leadership in environmental protection, social guarantees and quality of life.

The Government of Costa Rica is frequently cited as a global example of democracy, peace and freedom. If you are considering a Costa Rica relocation, investing, retiring, studying political systems, or simply trying to understand how Costa Rica is governed, this guide walks you through the country’s political structure, institutions, elections and culture of freedom.

Unlike many countries in the region, Costa Rica has no military, enjoys strong checks and balances, and regularly ranks high in freedom, safety and quality-of-life indexes. This combination makes Costa Rica one of the best places to move for people from the USA and Europe who value stability, democracy and legal security.

1. Costa Rica: A Democratic Republic with No Army

Costa Rica is a constitutional democratic republic in Central America, internationally famous for abolishing its army in 1948. This decision radically shaped the political system of Costa Rica: instead of allocating large budgets to defense, the country invests heavily in education, healthcare, social programs and environmental protection.

For many observers comparing Latin American governments, the Government of Costa Rica stands out as a rare example of long-term democratic stability, peaceful alternation of power and institutional continuity. This is one of the key reasons why Costa Rica ranks highly in global freedom and peace indexes.

If you are evaluating where to move abroad, this context is essential: Costa Rica is not only a tropical destination; it is a mature democracy with strong institutions.

📅

Year without army

Since 1948, Costa Rica has had no standing military.
🎓

Investment focus

Budget oriented to education, healthcare & social development.
🌎

Global perception

Seen as a safe, stable and peaceful democracy.

2. Political Landscape & Culture of Freedom

The political landscape in Costa Rica is marked by a high level of civil liberties. You will not find military dictatorships, totalitarianism or permanent states of emergency. Instead, the country is governed through:

  • Regular, competitive free elections
  • Constitutionally protected freedom of expression
  • Independent media and active civil society
  • Strong attention to human rights and environmental rights

Peaceful demonstrations, rallies and protests are common and occur without systematic government interference. This is part of what makes Costa Rica particularly attractive to expats, digital nomads and foreign investors who value political stability, predictability and transparency.

In practice, this means that if you are planning to move to Costa Rica, open a business, apply for residency or retire in Costa Rica, you will operate under a stable, rules-based legal system, not under arbitrary executive power.

Visual comparison: Costa Rica vs. typical regional context

Aspect Costa Rica Typical regional scenario
Military No army since 1948 Permanent armed forces and higher defense spending
Political transitions Regular, peaceful elections History of instability or abrupt changes in some countries
Civil liberties Strong protection of speech & press Varies widely; more restrictions in some states
Environmental policy Global leader in conservation Less consistent protection of ecosystems
Perception for expats Safe, friendly, rule-of-law environment Perception depends strongly on the country

3. How Elections Work in Costa Rica

The Costa Rica election system is considered one of the most robust in the region. Every four years, on the first Sunday of February, Costa Ricans head to the polls to vote for:

  • The President of the Republic
  • 57 deputies to the unicameral Legislative Assembly
  • Two Vice Presidents (elected together with the President)

Voting centers are usually located in schools, which become accessible public spaces for families, volunteers and observers. For many visitors, Election Day feels like a national civic celebration of democracy.

The President and Vice Presidents are elected by a majority of valid votes. If no ticket reaches 40% of the vote in the first round, a second round is held in April between the two leading formulas. Legislative Assembly deputies are elected for a four-year term under proportional representation by province.

For foreign nationals analyzing Costa Rica for relocation or investment, this predictable and transparent electoral process is a key component of the country’s political stability and low-risk profile.

Costa Rica electoral cycle at a glance

  • Every 4 years – February: General elections for President, Vice Presidents and deputies.
  • April (if needed): Second-round presidential election when no ticket exceeds 40%.
  • Between elections: Political parties operate under strict oversight of the Supreme Electoral Tribunal.

4. Checks and Balances & Key Institutions

The Government of Costa Rica operates within a strong framework of checks and balances designed to avoid the concentration of power. Several independent institutions play a central role:

  • Supreme Electoral Tribunal (Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones, TSE): Manages voter registration, supervises elections and guarantees transparency in the electoral process.
  • Constitutional Chamber (Sala Constitucional or Sala IV): Reviews laws and government actions to ensure they comply with the Constitution and protects fundamental rights.
  • Ombudsman’s Office (Defensoría de los Habitantes): Oversees public entities and defends the rights of inhabitants against abuses or negligence.

Political parties and campaigns are subject to the oversight and rules of the Supreme Electoral Tribunal, reinforcing trust in the system. For foreigners, this translates into a greater sense of legal certainty and institutional predictability.

Supreme Electoral Tribunal (TSE)

Guardian of elections, transparency and political rights.

Constitutional Chamber (Sala IV)

Ensures laws and policies respect the Constitution.

Ombudsman’s Office

Protects inhabitants from abuses by public institutions.

5. Political Parties & Recent Presidents of Costa Rica

Political parties are the engine of Costa Rican democracy. Over the last decades, different parties have held power, reflecting a healthy alternation of government. Here is a list of the last six presidents of Costa Rica and their political parties:

President Term Political party Highlights
Rodrigo Chaves Robles 2022–2026 Social Democratic Progress Current administration
Carlos Alvarado Quesada 2018–2022 Citizen Action Party Continuation of social and environmental policies
Luis Guillermo Solís Rivera 2014–2018 Citizen Action Party Strengthening of democratic institutions
Laura Chinchilla Miranda 2010–2014 National Liberation Party First woman President of Costa Rica
Óscar Arias Sánchez 2006–2010, 1986–1990 National Liberation Party Nobel Peace Prize for Central American peace efforts
Abel Pacheco de la Espriella 2002–2006 Social Christian Unity Party Part of the modern multi-party era

This rotation between parties shows that power is not monopolized by a single group, supporting the perception of Costa Rica as a reliable democracy for long-term planning. For investors and expats, this history is a strong signal of political continuity without authoritarian tendencies.

6. Branches of Government: How Costa Rica Is Organized

The Government of Costa Rica is divided into three independent branches:

  • Executive Branch: Led by the President, two Vice Presidents and the Cabinet. It manages public policy, foreign affairs, the national budget and day-to-day administration.
  • Legislative Branch: A unicameral Legislative Assembly with 57 deputies. It drafts, debates and approves laws and public policies.
  • Judicial Branch: An independent court system headed by the Supreme Court. It interprets and applies the law, resolves disputes and protects rights.

Many public institutions, such as autonomous agencies and regulatory bodies, enjoy operational independence. While this can add complexity to administrative procedures, it also protects institutions from centralized political interference.

If you are planning to start a business, buy property or apply for residency in Costa Rica, understanding this structure is crucial. Working with legal counsel who knows how to navigate these entities can save you time, money and unnecessary stress.

Executive

Implements laws, leads government and foreign policy.

Legislative

Creates and reforms laws through the Assembly.

Judicial

Ensures justice, legal certainty and rights protection.

7. Costa Rica’s Global Impact: Freedom, Peace & Sustainability

Costa Rica is often highlighted in international reports for:

  • Freedom of speech and press
  • Independent judiciary and strong rule of law
  • Environmental leadership, with high percentages of protected natural areas
  • Social Guarantees like universal healthcare and a strong social security system

Two historic pillars of Costa Rica’s social model are:

  • Costa Rican Social Security Fund (CCSS): Provides public healthcare and pensions.
  • Labor Code: Protects workers’ rights, minimum labor standards and union freedoms.

This combination of democracy, social protection and environmental policy explains why Costa Rica is so frequently recommended in rankings of the best countries to live or retire, especially for citizens from the USA, Canada and Europe seeking a balance of freedom, safety and quality of life.

Why this matters for you:

  • More predictable environment for long-term investments.
  • Higher perceived safety and institutional trust for expats and retirees.
  • Strong baseline of rights, healthcare and social protections.

8. Is Costa Rica a Good Country to Live, Invest and Retire?

For many foreigners, the question is not only how the Government of Costa Rica works, but whether Costa Rica is a good country to move to. From a legal and institutional perspective, the answer is often yes, especially if you value:

  • Stable democracy with no army
  • Legal protections for property and investments
  • Rule of law and access to courts
  • Human rights and environmental protection as constitutional principles
  • Strong ties with the United States and Europe

Every year, many American and European citizens choose Costa Rica for:

  • Retirement in Costa Rica under specific residency categories
  • Digital nomad visas and remote work
  • Real estate and tourism investments
  • Starting companies or regional headquarters

However, each project has its own legal, tax and regulatory implications. Working with a specialized legal team is essential to align your goals with the Costa Rica legal framework.

Expats & retirees

Understand the legal and political context before relocating.

Investors & entrepreneurs

Evaluate stability, regulations and institutional support.

Students & analysts

Use Costa Rica as a case study in democracy and peace.

9. Key Takeaways About the Government of Costa Rica

  • The Government of Costa Rica is a constitutional democratic republic with no army.
  • It has a stable, transparent electoral system with regular alternation of power.
  • Strong checks and balances and independent institutions protect democracy and rights.
  • Costa Rica is globally recognized for its freedom, peace and environmental leadership.
  • The country offers a combination of political stability, legal security and quality of life attractive for expats and investors.
  • Understanding how the government works is crucial before you move, invest or retire in Costa Rica.

FAQ: Government of Costa Rica

Is Costa Rica a democracy?

Yes. Costa Rica is a constitutional democratic republic with regular free elections, independent institutions and strong civil liberties. It is often considered one of the most solid democracies in Latin America.

Does Costa Rica have an army?

No. Costa Rica abolished its army in 1948. Since then, the country has redirected resources to education, healthcare and social development, relying on diplomacy and international law for its security strategy.

Is Costa Rica politically stable?

Costa Rica is widely regarded as politically stable. It has had no military coups in decades, maintains strong institutions and offers a predictable environment for expats, investors and retirees.

Is Costa Rica safe for expats and retirees?

While no country is free from crime, Costa Rica is generally considered safer than many other Latin American countries. Its rule of law, respect for rights and political stability are major reasons why many foreigners choose to retire or relocate to Costa Rica.

How does Costa Rica’s government impact foreign investors?

The Government of Costa Rica provides a framework of legal protections for property, contracts and investments. Clear regulations, a functioning court system and international agreements make Costa Rica a popular choice for foreign direct investment.

Can foreigners participate in Costa Rican politics?

Foreigners residing in Costa Rica do not have the right to vote in national elections, but they benefit from the same civil rights, judicial protections and access to services granted to Costa Ricans, subject to immigration status and local regulations.

Marchamo in Costa Rica: Guide for Expats & Vehicle Owners

Jun 5, 2025 | General

🚗 Marchamo 2025 Costa Rica: Essential Guide for U.S. & EU Expats

Your company, investment or lifestyle in Costa Rica may hinge on vehicle compliance. The Marchamo tax is mandatory each year and applies to all registered vehicles.

In this guide you’ll understand what Marchamo includes, who must pay it, estimated costs, legal consequences of delay, and why it’s essential for expats and foreign investors.

🔎 What Is the Marchamo Tax?

  • SOA Insurance: Compulsory third‑party liability insurance.
  • Vehicle Property Tax: Based on fiscal value assigned by COSEVI.
  • Additional Charges: Unpaid fines, municipal fees, registration infractions.

👤 Who Must Pay Marchamo?

  • All residents & non‑residents with vehicles registered in Costa Rica.
  • Imported vehicles once officially registered under COSEVI or National Registry.
  • Cars, motorcycles, ATVs, scooters, trucks and all motorized transport.

📅 Payment Deadlines & How to Pay

The Marchamo payment window for 2025:

  • Period Opens: November 1, 2025
  • Deadline: December 31, 2025

Late payments trigger automatic fines and interest starting January 1, 2026.

Payment methods include:

⚠️ Consequences of Late Payment

  • Daily interest applies to outstanding balance.
  • Possibility of vehicle impoundment.
  • Cannot renew vehicle permits or legal documents.

💵 Estimated Cost of Marchamo

Cost depends on:

  • The vehicle’s fiscal value
  • Model year and classification
  • Unsettled fines or violations

Typical costs: standard sedans around $300 USD, while imported luxury or utility vehicles may reach up to $8,000 USD.

🌍 Why This Matters for Expats & Investors

  • Ensures compliance with traffic and fiscal obligations.
  • Avoids legal complications, driving bans or impoundment.
  • Protects resale value and legal status of vehicles.
  • This is the annual cost of living in Costa Rica. You can learn more about the cost of living at the following link: Cost of Living in Costa Rica

📝 Frequently Asked Questions

How much is Marchamo for a U.S. expat?
It depends on the vehicle’s fiscal value—use the INS portal to estimate your fee.
Can I pay Marchamo from abroad?
Yes—international cards are accepted via INS Marchamo site.
Do I pay if I don’t use the car?
Yes—Marchamo applies to all registered vehicles regardless of usage.

Need Legal Help with Your Marchamo?

AG Legal offers expert guidance for vehicle tax compliance, penalties, and procedures. Don’t risk fines or delays—let us handle it for you.


Contact AG Legal Today

Lawyers in Costa Rica: Real Estate, Immigration & Corporate Specialists

May 28, 2025 | General

🇨🇷 Lawyers in Costa Rica: Real Estate, Immigration & Corporate Specialists

At AG Legal, we provide strategic legal solutions for foreign investors, expats, retirees, and entrepreneurs relocating or doing business in Costa Rica. Our attorneys combine deep local expertise with international standards, ensuring you receive reliable, personalized service every step of the way.

🔍 Why Hire a Lawyer in Costa Rica?

Whether you’re buying property, applying for residency, or starting a business, the Costa Rican legal system can be complex. A knowledgeable attorney helps you:

  • Avoid legal pitfalls and ensure compliance.
  • Protect your assets and investments.
  • Simplify immigration procedures.
  • Incorporate and operate your business legally.

💼 Our Legal Services

🧱 Real Estate Law

We conduct full due diligence, title verification, contract drafting, and registry processes to protect your real estate investment.

🛂 Immigration Law

Whether you’re applying as a pensionado, rentista, investor, or digital nomad, we streamline your residency application with precision.

🏢 Corporate Law

We guide entrepreneurs and corporations in business registration, shareholder structures, compliance, contracts, and ongoing legal support.

🔗 Useful Links for Foreigners in Costa Rica

📚 FAQs About Attorneys in Costa Rica

Do I need a lawyer to buy property in Costa Rica?

Yes. An attorney ensures clear title, prepares contracts, and handles due diligence to prevent fraud or ownership disputes.

Can AG Legal help me get residency?

Absolutely. We manage all immigration filings for retirees, digital nomads, investors, and families relocating to Costa Rica.

Is it hard to start a company as a foreigner?

Not with the right legal guidance. We help you incorporate quickly, meet all tax requirements, and protect your liability.

Ready to Invest, Relocate, or Launch a Business in Costa Rica?

AG Legal is your trusted partner for legal certainty in real estate, immigration, and corporate law.


📩 Contact Our Legal Team


Starting a Business in Costa Rica: Tips and Steps

Nov 5, 2024 | Commercial Law, General

Company Formation · Costa Rica

How to Start a Business in Costa Rica – Complete Legal Guide (2025)

Starting a business in Costa Rica is a smart move for entrepreneurs targeting the U.S.–LatAm corridor. With political stability, strong rule of law and FTA access, Costa Rica is a prime destination for company registration, business licenses and nearshore operations. AG Legal has guided hundreds of foreign founders through incorporation, tax, social security and banking—end‑to‑end. Schedule a Consultation

Why Choose Costa Rica for Your Business?

  • Strategic location: access to North & South America; ideal for U.S. investors and nearshoring.
  • Political & legal stability: reliable courts and pro‑business regulatory environment.
  • Sustainability leadership: great fit for eco‑tourism, renewable energy, agtech.
  • Talent & FTAs: bilingual workforce; trade access to U.S., EU and Asia.

Business Structures: S.A. vs SRL (LTDA)

Sociedad Anónima (S.A.)

  • Corporation with limited shareholder liability.
  • Flexible for boards, investors and complex share structures.
  • Good for larger or growth‑oriented operations.

Sociedad de Responsabilidad Limitada (SRL / LTDA)

  • Limited liability company; simpler governance.
  • Common for SMEs and new entrants.
  • Ownership via quotas; straightforward compliance.

Foreign Investors & Immigration

Foreigners may own 100% of a Costa Rican company. Residency isn’t required to own, but is required if you will work in the company. AG Legal supports:
  • Residency / work authorization pathways for founders and executives.
  • Corporate governance, registered address and compliance.
Can I run the business from the U.S. while I set up?
Yes. Many clients start remotely and apply for residency once operations begin. We structure representation so your company can function from day one.

Municipal Business License (“Patente”)

  1. Submit: incorporation docs, corporate tax ID, zoning/health permits if applicable.
  2. Sector permits: e.g., restaurants (health & safety), construction (engineering boards), tourism (ICT).

Open a Corporate Bank Account

You will typically need: company formation documents, corporate tax ID and valid identification. Through partners (e.g., Banco de Costa Rica), we coordinate KYC/AML to expedite onboarding.

Taxes & Social Security (CCSS)

Companies pay corporate income tax (tiered by revenue) and must contribute to the Costa Rican Social Security Fund (CCSS). Our sister firm AG BPO Services manages accounting, payroll and filings for full compliance.

Opportunities & Challenges

Opportunities: tech & shared services, eco‑tourism, renewable energy, specialty agriculture, medical devices. Challenges: permitting timelines, documentation standards and higher operating costs relative to neighbors—mitigated by stability, talent and legal certainty.

Frequently Asked Questions

How long does company registration in Costa Rica take?
Most incorporations can be structured in a few business days once documentation is complete. Sector permits and municipal licenses can add time depending on activity and location.
Do I need to be in Costa Rica to incorporate?
No. With proper powers of attorney and notarizations, we can complete most steps remotely and schedule in‑country tasks when convenient.
Which is better: S.A. or SRL?
SRL (LTDA) is simpler for SMEs; S.A. offers more flexibility for boards/investors. We recommend based on ownership, governance and financing plans.

Start Your Business in Costa Rica with AG Legal

Whether launching a startup or a U.S. subsidiary, our team handles company formation, tax, CCSS, licensing and banking. Speak with our corporate experts today. info@aglegal.com

Expat Living in Costa Rica: What You Need to Know Before You Move

Feb 4, 2024 | General, Inmigration Law

Expatriate in Costa Rica: “Pura Vida” Expat Living

Costa Rica has become a magnet for expats worldwide for the high standard of living, but before you pack your bags and book your flight, there are a few things you need to know about living as an expat in Costa Rica.

What is the meaning of expatriates?

An expatriate has left their country of origin to reside in another country.

What is the difference between a foreigner and an expat?

  • Foreigner: citizen of another country.
  • Expat: a foreigner who lives in a foreign country long term as a non-immigrant. Usually, it is a business or work assignment. For example, the Japanese Toyota staff at a Toyota plant in Germany stays in Germany for 5- 10 years at a time.

Why do many expats live in Costa Rica?

There are many reasons why Costa Rica is such a popular destination for expats. Here are just a few:

  • Stunning natural beauty: Costa Rica is a small country with an enormous punch for natural beauty. From lush rainforests and volcanic mountains to beautiful beaches and coral reefs, there’s something everyone can enjoy.
  • Affordable cost of living: Compared to many other developed countries, the cost of living in Costa Rica is relatively low. This makes it an attractive option for retirees and budget-minded travelers alike.
  • Laid-back lifestyle: Costa Ricans are known for their relaxed and laid-back attitude. This Pura Vida lifestyle is infectious, and it’s one of the things that makes living in Costa Rica so special for many expats.
  • Friendly people: Costa Ricans are known for their warm hospitality. You’re sure to feel welcome from the moment you arrive and into your plan to live.
  • Costa Rican government: Costa Rica is a democratic and stable government. This makes it a safe and secure place to live.
  • Establishment of foreign companies: Companies from the United States, Spain, Canada, and India establish operations in Costa Rica, and managers fall in love with the country.
  • Public healthcare: Costa Rica is the Central American country with the best social security service, among the best in Latin America. Private healthcare is excellent and has world-class clinics and private hospitals, but it is more expensive; you will find both in Guanacaste and San José.
  • International education: If you should bring your children to Costa Rica, there are international schools with international validity, excellent English levels, and premier universities.
  • Real Estate Investments: Expats seeking to be a real estate agency; many business opportunities serve to continue generating money; whether you are a retiree or investor, it is always a source of income in Costa Rica and attracts expats.
  • Safety: Costa Rica is ranked in the Top 20 in the world and the safest in Latin America. Also, it is one of the safest countries for travel and backpacking in Central America, but that doesn’t mean you should let your guard down.

Planning Your Move to Costa Rica

Once you decide that Costa Rica is the right place for you, it’s time to start planning your move. Here are a few things to keep in mind:

  • Visas: You must obtain a visa to live in Costa Rica; the U.S. and Canada do not require a visa, just a passport.
  • Residency: Expats are attracted to staying for over a few months, so you may want to consider applying for residency in Costa Rica as a rentist, investor, or retired expat. This will give you the right to live and work permanently. Also, your wife is covered as a dependent of an expat living in Costa Rica, with a new high quality of life!
  • Finding a place to live: Various housing options are available to buy a property in Costa Rica, from beachside condos to mountain cabins. The best place to live for you will depend on your budget and lifestyle; if you like surf can be Tamarindo o Jaco in the Pacific Ocean; if you like the city, it can be San José, and if you like relaxed and tropical beaches live in the Caribbean Sea, AG Legal can help you find the perfect place to call home.

Adjusting Plan to Life in Costa Rica

Once you’ve arrived in Costa Rica, giving yourself time to adjust to your new life is essential. Here are a few tips:

  • Learn some Spanish: While you can get by in some tourist areas without speaking Spanish, learning the language will make your life in Costa Rica much easier. There are many Spanish language schools in Costa Rica, so you can find one that fits your needs and budget.
  • Embrace the culture: Take some time to learn about the local customs and traditions. You can do this by attending festivals, visiting museums, and talking to local people in friendly communities. Wherever you go
  • Get involved in the community: Costa Rica has many expat communities. Getting involved in one of these communities is a great way to meet new people and make friends.
  • Be patient: Adjusting to a new life in a new country takes time. Don’t get discouraged if things don’t happen overnight. Just be patient and enjoy the journey.

Living as an expat in Costa Rica can be an enriching experience. With careful planning and preparation, you can ensure that your transition to life in paradise is smooth and successful.

AG Legal can help you with expat living—residency, visa, and property in Costa Rica.

We have a team of experienced lawyers who specialize in immigration law. We can help you with everything from obtaining a visa to applying for residency. We also offer other legal services, such as real estate and business law.

If you live in Costa Rica, you can contact AG Legal today. We’ll be able to help you. info@aglegal.com

Costa Rica Gun Laws: What a Expatriate Need to Know

Jan 27, 2024 | General, Inmigration Law

Exploring Strict Gun Laws in Costa Rica

Costa Rica boasts some of the strictest gun laws in Central America. Unlike the United States, where gun ownership is a constitutional right, Costa Rica’s gun control is rooted in its unique history and cultural values. Following a bloody civil war in 1948, the country abolished its military and opted for a demilitarized democracy, prioritizing peace and social harmony. This commitment to peace is reflected in its stringent gun laws.

This article will delve into various aspects, from gun ownership and control laws to obtaining a gun permit. Whether you’re a Costa Rican citizen, a permanent resident, or an expat, navigating the intricacies of firearm regulations is essential.

Outline:

  • Gun Ownership Laws in Costa Rica
  • Restrictions and Prohibited Firearms: Knowing the Limits
  • Bringing Firearms to Costa Rica: Crossing the Border with Caution
  • Self-Defense in Costa Rica: Beyond the Gun
  • Important Things to Remember: Your Costa Rican Gun Law Cheat Sheet
  • The process to apply for a permit to carry a gun in Costa Rica

Gun Ownership Laws in Costa Rica

Costa Rica has firearms and explosives laws and regulations, and the Ministry of Security, which regulates and grants permits to gun ownership in Costa Rica, registers them, reports their sale or loss, and others.

The possession of weapons allowed in the domicile is permitted for its inhabitants’ security and legitimate defense, who must take all indispensable security measures to avoid accidents and for sporting use.

Restrictions and Prohibited Firearms in Costa Rica: Strict gun control laws

Even if you manage to obtain a permit, Costa Rica imposes strict limitations on gun ownership:

  • Number of firearms: Individuals are restricted to owning a maximum of two guns.
  • Types of firearms: Assault weapons, automatic firearms, and high-caliber rifles are prohibited.
  • Ammunition: The purchase of ammunition is strictly controlled, with limits exclusively for the weapon registered in your name.
  • Criminal Record: Persons with a criminal or police record for crimes against property, domestic violence, sexual crimes, crimes against life, crimes against freedom, and infractions to the Law of Narcotics, Psychotropic Substances, Drugs of Unauthorized Use, and Related Activities, Organized Crime and any other crime where violence is involved.
  • Domestic Violence: as of 2019, authorities may seize weapons and objects used to intimidate or assault, as well as any other weapons found in possession of the alleged aggressor or registered in his or her name, and will order the cancellation of gun carrying permits. This applies equally to foreigners even with a valid permanent residency card.

Bringing Firearms to Costa Rica: Crossing the Border with Caution

Traveling to Costa Rica with your firearm is a complex procedure before a Costa Rican Entity:

  • Prior authorization: Obtaining written permission from the Costa Rican government months in advance is mandatory; you have to contact comercializacionydesalmacenajedga@seguridadpublica.go.cr or entry to https://www.controlpas.go.cr for a digital request.
  • Temporary import permit: Securing a temporary license upon arrival is essential.
  • Strict compliance: Failure to comply with regulations can result in confiscation and legal repercussions.
  • In case of being a foreigner, their migratory condition must be a permanent resident of free status in force.

Sporting Permission for foreigners to enter weapons and shots into Costa Rica.

Foreigners who temporarily enter the country with weapons permitted for the exclusive use of sporting competitions may import up to five hundred shots free of duty as part of their luggage. They may also temporarily enter the country with up to four weapons allowed for the exclusive use of sporting competitions or for hunting purposes. They must inform the customs authorities at the time of entry.

Self-Defense in Costa Rica: Beyond the Gun

While gun ownership might seem like the ultimate self-defense tool, Costa Rica offers alternative options:

  • Pepper spray: Carrying for self-defense is legal and readily available.
  • Alarm systems: Investing in a reliable home or business alarm system provides an extra layer of security.
  • Community watch programs: Participating in local community watch programs fosters collective safety and vigilance.

Essential Things to Remember: Your Costa Rican Gun Law Cheat Sheet

  • Costa Rica has strict gun laws compared to most countries, including jail consequences.
  • Expats in Costa Rica must have a valid permanent residency.
  • Owning a firearm requires a permit, extensive background checks, and a mental evaluation.
  • Certain types of firearms are prohibited.
  • Bringing your gun into Costa Rica involves a complex authorization process.
  • Alternative self-defense options like pepper spray and community watch programs are viable.

By understanding and complying with Costa Rica’s gun laws, you can ensure a safe and enjoyable experience in this beautiful country. Responsible gun ownership and respect for local regulations are vital to preserving Costa Rica’s peaceful Pura Vida way of life.

The process to apply for a permit to carry a gun in Costa Rica:

Gun Ownership and Registration:

  • A positive mental fitness report issued by a competent professional (psychologist) must be included in the CONTROLPAS system.
  • To have passed the theoretical-practical examination on the use of firearms conducted by the National Police School, which must be included in the CONTROLPAS system.
  • Have an updated fingerprint record in the Police File of the Ministry of Public Security, which must be included in the CONTROLPAS system.

The steps you must follow to apply for the registration of your firearm in the system www.controlpas.go.cr are as follows:

If you are an individual, you must:

  • Enter the site Government Information
  • Have a Digital Signature device.
  • Register as a user on the platform.
  • Complete the application at www.controlpas.go.cr.
  • The system verifies criminal records, updates fingerprints in police files and mental suitability, and approves theoretical-practical exams.
  • Verifies the document of ownership of the weapon.

Purchase a new gun: It is also important to remember that before purchasing a firearm in an official gun shop in Costa Rica, you must already be registered and have a gun permit.

We invite you to contact our law firm to proceed with the appropriate procedure to carry guns in Costa Rica. We’ll be happy to help you. info@aglegal.com

Drinking Age in Costa Rica: What People Need to Know

Jan 27, 2024 | General, Inmigration Law

Drinking Age in Costa Rica: Drinking Laws, Penalties and Culture

We have good news: Costa Rica drinking age is 18 years old. Costa Rica’s drinking laws and culture can be confusing, especially for first-time visitors. Worry not, thirsty adventurers!

Sun, Sand, and Sipping Responsibly: Legal Drinking Age in Costa Rica

The minimum legal drinking age in Costa Rica is 18 years old, as in many Latin American countries. This applies to both the purchase and consumption of alcoholic beverages. In addition, many stores are prohibited from selling alcoholic drinks before 11:00 am.

While sipping a cerveza on the beach sounds tempting, consuming alcohol in public places is not allowed. The beach police will hardly notice you, but if you’re on the street with a beer and misbehave, expect trouble. You can stick to designated bars and restaurants to avoid any unwanted attention.

Beyond the Legal Age: Understanding Costa Rican Drinking Culture

Costa Ricans enjoy socializing over a drink but prioritize responsible consumption. There are party hotspots like La California in San José, Tamarindo in Guanacaste, and Jaco Beach—known for nightlife and surfing culture.

Local brews are a must-try! Sample Imperial, a crisp lager, or Pilsen, a refreshing pilsner. Indulge in Guaro Cacique, made from sugar cane—often mixed into cocktails that embody Costa Rica’s tropical spirit.

Tipping is not mandatory in Costa Rica, but a small gratuity for good service is appreciated. Hospitality is geared toward making tourists feel welcome—without pressure for tips like in other Latin American countries.

Driving Under the Influence of Alcohol in Costa Rica: Drinking Laws

You can drive at 18 in Costa Rica with a valid driver’s license from your home country. However, do not drive under the influence. If police conduct a breathalyzer and find a blood alcohol concentration above 0.75 g/L or an air alcohol level above 0.38 mg/L, it’s considered reckless driving, according to Costa Rican criminal law. Penalties include:

  • 🚔 Jail sentence of 1–3 years (temporary detainment likely)
  • 🚫 Disqualification from driving in Costa Rica for 2–4 years
  • 💸 Hefty fine: approximately $700

These same penalties apply if you are caught speeding over 150 km/h. Always respect speed limits and comply with traffic officers.

Essential Tips for Drinking in Costa Rica

  • 🆔 Always carry valid ID. A passport or government-issued ID is the best option.
  • 🚫 Respect the drinking age—bartenders rarely serve minors, and shops won’t sell to underage customers.
  • 💧 Drink responsibly. Stay hydrated, pace yourself, and enjoy the moment.
  • ❌ Avoid public drinking. Use designated areas to stay within the law.
  • 🌴 Embrace local culture: slow pace, warm people, and unique drinks. Engage with locals and other travelers respectfully.

So, Raise a Glass to Responsible Fun in Costa Rica! 🍻

Enjoy Costa Rica’s vibrant lifestyle while respecting the law. Whether you’re on the beach or exploring urban nightlife in San José, do it smartly and safely.

 

💬 If you need legal help as a tourist, AG Legal is the #1 law firm for legal assistance for foreigners in Costa Rica. From minor fines to serious legal situations, we’re here to guide you.

❓ Drinking Age in Costa Rica – FAQs

What is the legal drinking age in Costa Rica?

The legal drinking age is 18 years old. This applies to both purchase and consumption of alcohol anywhere in the country.

Do I need an ID to buy alcohol?

Yes. Always carry a valid ID such as a passport or government-issued ID. Most bars, clubs, and supermarkets will check your ID if you look under 30.

Can I drink alcohol in public places?

Technically, no. Drinking on the streets or beaches is prohibited, though enforcement varies. Stay safe by drinking in licensed venues.

What happens if I drink and drive?

If you’re found with a BAC over 0.75 g/L, you could face jail (1–3 years), license suspension, and fines up to $700.

Are there restrictions on alcohol sales?

Yes. In most stores, alcohol is not sold before 11:00 a.m..

Is alcohol served at all-inclusive resorts to minors?

No. Resorts follow national laws. Guests under 18 are not served alcohol even if accompanied by adults.

DIMEX Renewal Important Information

Oct 13, 2022 | General, Inmigration Law

It is important to remember that your DIMEX needs to be renewed. Those who have received their residency must renew their DIMEX (Identification Document for Foreigners). It must be renewed within 30 days after expiration, or there is a fine of $3 per month. It is important to understand that the residency can be canceled when the DIMEX is not renewed within the three months after its expiration.

If the resident was out of the country for more than a year, they must file a letter with DGME explaining the reason for the prolonged absence and provide an updated criminal background check from the country they have been living.

As a reminder, temporary residents that are outside of Costa Rica for more than two years, or permanent residents for more than four years, can have their residence canceled by DGME.

Our team is happy to assist with the renewal of your DIMEX. Contact us today at immigration@aglegal.com

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How to Appeal a Property Tax Appraisal in Costa Rica

May 9, 2020 | General

How to Appeal a Property Tax Appraisal in Costa Rica

If your property appraisal in Costa Rica seems unfair or inaccurate, you have the right to challenge it. This guide explains the legal framework, the appeal process, and how AG Legal can help you protect your property rights and avoid excessive tax burdens.

Property Appraisals: The Legal Basis

The appraisal of a property for tax purposes must be conducted according to the Base Values per Constructive Typology Manual, established by the Technical Standardization Department of the National Treasury.

Each property assessment must include a detailed description of the construction type, installations, and any improvements within the lot.

Understanding these requirements allows taxpayers to verify whether their appraisal complies with established technical and legal norms — and to appeal if it does not.

When Can You Appeal an Appraisal?

  • Non-compliance with the Manual: If the appraisal ignores or violates the procedures, it can be challenged.

  • Errors in Construction Data: Incorrect details about square meters, materials, or improvements may lead to an unfair tax burden.

  • Disproportionate Property Tax: When the assessed value is higher than market reality, owners can request annulment or correction.

The Property Tax Appeal Process in Costa Rica

The law provides a clear escalation path for taxpayers who wish to challenge an appraisal:

  1. Motion for Revocation: File this with the Property Department of the relevant Municipality.

  2. Appeal before the Municipality Council: If the revocation is denied, you may escalate to the Council.

  3. Administrative Tax Court: If the appeal is rejected, you have 15 business days to submit a final appeal to the Administrative Tax Court.

The Administrative Tax Court makes the ultimate decision on whether a new appraisal will be ordered.

Checklist: Before You Appeal

  • Copy of the appraisal report, to compare against technical requirements.

  • Evidence of errors, such as photos, plans, or documents showing inaccuracies.

  • Legal review, to ensure the appeal is filed within deadlines and with proper arguments.

How AG Legal Can Help

At AG Legal, our tax and property law experts assist property owners in:

  • Reviewing appraisals for technical and legal compliance.

  • Filing motions and appeals on time.

  • Representing clients before Municipalities and the Administrative Tax Court.

  • Reducing unfair property tax burdens through effective legal defense.

Contact us for legal assistance or learn more about our tax law services.

Final Thoughts

Property tax in Costa Rica is a legal obligation, but it must be fair and technically accurate. If you believe your appraisal is flawed, you have the right to challenge it. Acting promptly and with expert legal support is the best way to protect your investment.